Pauly

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Frequently Asked Questions

• What kind of cartridge did Samuel Pauly use?

  Pauly’s cartridge was a multi-part affair with a rimmed brass base containing a fulminate powder, connected to a paper or cardboard cartridge body which held a charge of regular gunpowder and the shot or ball to be fired. It was an expensive system, but contained all the necessary elements of a modern cartridge.

• Who are some of Samuel Pauly's apprentices?

  His former apprentices would carry on his legacy in their own work – Nicolaus Dreyse would produce the needle fire system of Dreyse rifles used by the Prussian military, and Casimir Lefaucheux would create the pinafore system based on Pauly’s designs.

• What did Pauly D do for a living?

  Pauly started working as a carriage builder and mechanic in his father's workshop; he was constantly looking for technical improvements (such as a self-lubricating axle) and also ways to increase the comfort of passengers.

• When did Samuel Pauly move to the UK?

  Pauly would move to England in 1814 (then taking the name Samuel John Pauly) in pursuit of aviation inventions, although he continued to tinker on his firearms design and filed to additional patent improvements. He died in London in 1821, and his name and work became rather obscure.

• When to use sinusoidal amplitude modulation ?

  Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation (AM) When is small (say less than radians per second, or 10 Hz), the signal is heard as a ``beating sine wave'' with beats per second. The beat rate is twice the modulation frequency because both the positive and negative peaks of the modulating sinusoid cause an ``amplitude swell'' in .

• How to calculate amplitude based on smooth step data?

  Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit can calculate amplitudes based on smooth step data. Choose the smooth step definition method to define the amplitude, a, between two consecutive data points (ti,Ai) ( t i, A i) and (ti+1,Ai+1) ( t i + 1, A i + 1) as

• How are amplitude curves used in eddy current analysis?

  Each amplitude curve is a function of time or frequency. Amplitudes defined as functions of frequency are used in Direct-solution steady-state dynamic analysis Mode-based steady-state dynamic analysis and Eddy current analysis . Amplitudes defined as functions of time can be given in terms of step time (default) or in terms of total time.

• Can a amplitude curve be defined in tabular form?

  The variation of an amplitude with frequency can be given only in tabular or equally spaced form. Choose the tabular definition method (default) to define the amplitude curve as a table of values at convenient points on the time scale.